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Jonathan Johnson and
Henry Segerman
Non-standard bi-orders on punctured torus bundles
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| Published: |
June 21, 2026. |
| Keywords: |
bi-orderability, hyperbolic, fiber bundles, orderable groups. |
| Subject [2020]: |
06F15, 20F60, 57K32, 57R22, 57M05. |
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Abstract
Results of Perron and Rolfsen imply that untwisted hyperbolic once-punctured torus bundles over the circle have bi-orderable fundamental groups.
They do this by showing that the action of the monodromy preserves a "standard" bi-ordering formed using the lower central series of the free group.
Here we investigate other bi-orderings that punctured torus bundle groups can have.
We show that for every such bi-ordering, the largest and second largest proper convex subgroups match the corresponding convex subgroups for a standard bi-ordering.
Moreover, if there exists a third largest convex subgroup, it must also match the third largest convex subgroup for a standard bi-ordering.
However, we also show that these groups admit non-standard bi-orderings.
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| Acknowledgements
The authors thank Danny Calegari and Neil Hoffman for helpful conversations. The authors were supported in part by National Science Foundation grants DMS-2213213 and DMS-2203993 respectively.
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| Author information
Jonathan Johnson
Department of Mathematics and Statistics
Sam Houston State University
Lee Drain Building, Room 420, 1900 Avenue I
Huntsville, Texas 77340, USA
jcj055@shsu.edu
Henry Segerman
Department of Mathematics
Oklahoma State University
401 Mathematical Sciences
Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
henry.segerman@okstate.edu
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